Egypt is located mostly in North Africa, which includes Sinai Peninsula.  This peninsula is a land bridge in Southwest Asia making this Arab Republic of Egypt a transcontinental country. Egyptian ancient civilization is symbolized by its famous monuments, which include Giza pyramids and the Great Sphinx. In addition, Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings are other famous artefacts located in the city of Luxor.

Specimens of humans, which prove human’s evolutionary path, date back 700,000 years ago.  These include homo erectus, homo habilis, homo neanderthalensis and homo sapiens.  They evidently migrated out of Africa and into Mesopotamia and Europe using Egypt and ancient Canaan as bridge.

Homonid Fossils:

Quadrupedal Ancestors (shared with Chimpanzees)===> poor fossil evidence==> Sahelanthropus (~ 6 million years ago / Toumai upright)==> Orrorin (Millenium Man)==>Ardipithecus (4 to 5 million years ago)==>Australopithecus (brain volume: 0.4 liters, 3 million years ago)==>Homo Habilis (brain volume: 0.6 liters, 2 million years ago)==> Homo Erectus / Ergaster (brain volume: ~ 1 liter, 1.6 million years ago)==> Homosapiens (some hundred thousand years ago)==> Archaic Homosapiens (Homo Heidelbergenesis, Homo Rhodesiensis and Homo Neanderthalensis)==> Modern Homosapiens (brain volume: 1.3 to 1.4 liters).

Recent discovery: Australopithecus Sediba more than 2 million years old. It could walk upright and climb trees. In general, the position of Formen Magnum (in simple words, where neck bones are connected to skull) determines whether a vertebrate walked upright or on four legs. More info will be presented by Dr. Lee Berger and colleagues.